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Lang says farmers can get help with hail-damaged crop decisions Tuesday, June 23, 2009
Agri News staff writer
LAWLER, Iowa -- Iowa State University Extension agronomist Brian Lang offers this advice for evaluating hail-damaged corn and soybeans:
In fields where corn was at the fifth leaf or smaller, regrowth is expected and yield impacted negligibly, Lang said. In fields where corn was near or beyond the sixth leaf stage, evaluate injured plants to determine whether the growing point is viable. Make assessments of plant survival a week after the storm.
To evaluate the growing point, use a sharp knife and cut lengthwise down the stem. The growing point should have a white to cream color. Plants with a healthy growing point should survive, especially if the growing point lies below the soil surface.
A corn field planted by mid May will yield 71 percent of normal with a population of just 10,000 plants per acre, Lang said. Corn planted June 15 will yield 50 percent of normal if conditions are perfect.
If soybean stems are cut off below the cotyledons, plants won't recover, Lang said. Check the growing point at the top of the stem. If it has been damaged or severed, new growth can come from axillary buds below it. A heavily bruised or damaged stem may not be severe enough to kill the plant, but it can lodge or break later.
Soybeans planted June 20 can yield 75 percent of those planted in May, Lang said. If farmers decide to replant soybeans, they should use fungicide-treated seed, plant in narrow rows, and use a full-season variety to mid-June and 0.5 to 1.0 earlier maturity group for late June. There is no need to increase population. Farmers need to consider herbicides used when replanting a different crop.
For more information see:
• Publication NCH-1 from the National Corn Handbook:
http://www.ces.purdue.edu/extmedia/NCH/NCH-1.html
• A more complete discussion on hail is found at the Purdue web site:
http://www.agry.purdue.edu/ext/corn/news/articles.06/HailDamage-0607.html
• Corn Planting Guide, PM-1885, Table 7 gives replant guidelines for corn grain. Those that can use silage/green-chop might still consider it. This table and publication is referenced under ISU's Corn Page:
http://www.agronext.iastate.edu/corn/production/management/planting/lose.html
• Some general guidelines for soybean hail damage assessment are at:
http://www.extension.iastate.edu/nwcrops/hail_soybean.htm
• Soybean replant decision information in PM-1851, linked at:
http://extension.agron.iastate.edu/soybean/topicpage1.html under the heading "Planting and Tillage"
• Lang includes this link on interpreting hail injury to soybeans in June from the University of Minnesota:
http://www.extension.umn.edu/extensionnews/2008/haildamageinsoybeans.html |
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